- Ecological chronicle
25 YEARS OF GEHERLAND PODHALAŃSKA. On November 8, in Zakopane, a debate of experts on the past and future of Enterprise of Thermal Energetics Geotermia Podhalańska SA, a jubilee gala and a study visit at the Geothermal Heat Plant (Bańska Niżna) took place in Zakopane. The largest Polish geothermy has been providing heat and hot water for the inhabitants of Podhale for 25 years, educates and contributes to the improvement of air quality. The beginnings were modest: heating the village of Bańska Niżna. Currently, the company serves five wells and over 1.5 thousand. objects (including over 1 thousand are single- and multi-family houses) in four communes - Szaflary, Biały Dunajec, Poronin and Zakopane. New investments are planned, thanks to which geothermal energy can reach Nowy Targ. Geothermal energy was created on the initiative of NFOŚiGW in 1993, which is its main shareholder (90.5% of shares). - Dog retirement
Multiannual clinical observations of people and animals indicate that aging should be treated as a physiological period of the body's functioning, in which the disease may be a consequence of the rapid depletion of reservoirs of organs and mechanisms, compensating for environmental changes. Many researchers consider aging as a long-lasting disease process, differing from others in that it is a universal phenomenon affecting all multicellular organisms. It is well known that dogs of large breeds age faster than smaller breeds, however, until now it is not known exactly how much faster. Opinions on this subject are divided, because it is difficult to determine when a dog goes from adulthood to old age. For the age limit, after which the dog can be considered old, it is claimed that after 7 years of living or exceeding 75% of the assumed life expectancy. In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the dogs' lifespans, but the results obtained were divergent. These studies included dogs of various breeds, including those who died before the first year of life. The life expectancy of a Rottweiler is only 3.5 years, a German Shepherd 6.8 years, and a Poodle 9.1 years. In turn, in the analysis of 2000 dogs, representatives of 56 breeds and hybrids, it was proved that the average life expectancy of individual breeds was different and ranged from 3 to 9.9 years. - Agroplastics - dilemma for the environment
It is hard to believe that half of the polymeric materials produced in the world come from the last 15 years, and Poland until recently belonged to the European leaders in terms of their consumption in everyday life. The development of their production started in the 1950s was also due to agriculture. Until 2017, 8.3 billion tons of plastics produced by waste became 6.3 billion tons, and 5.7 billion tons were not recycled. It takes at least a few hundred years for the waste to disintegrate into the molecules from which it originated. The greatest accumulation of waste polymeric materials is in the seas and oceans, where they kill and damage millions of organisms. Their impact on our health is not known yet. The status of polymeric materials in agriculture The term agroplastics has adhered to materials that provide support mainly for horticultural production. These are mainly foils and nonwoven fabrics for mulching, films for covering tunnel constructions, anti-hail and shading nets, pots and containers for seedlings, strings and clips for tying plants. They do not include fertilizers, protective equipment and hygiene products. Plasticulture has been considered a modern farming system for years, which allows you to get more for less. The advantages of this system include biomimicry - imitating nature, accelerating growth, greater biodiversity, reducing fertilizer and water consumption, soil protection and root system. According to calculations, without using this system, 60% of garden and animal products will disappear from the market. The main disadvantages are environmental pollution, and sometimes also losses on the quality of vegetables and fruits. Initially, synthetic polymer materials were used in highly developed countries (USA, Japan, France), and are now widespread around the world. - Landscape architecture - theory, research, realizations
Landscape architecture is a scientific discipline and a very complex, difficult but exciting activity. Landscape architecture research includes technical sciences, natural sciences, humanities and art sciences. Therefore, in the five-year didactic process, all lectured subjects are located in these areas. From theory, students learn about definitions, concepts and outstanding personalities that have permanently inscribed themselves in a given field of knowledge. During the design classes, apprenticeships and work in the Science Circle, they learn the landscape architect's work workshop. They conduct individual and team research. The culmination of the design works should be their implementation. Competition, prevailing among specific professional groups, such as architects, town planners, surveyors and others, is large, but this awareness should be a motivating factor for a thorough understanding of the issues being taught and for inspiring creative inspiration. Architecture is the art of shaping a form in connection with a construction structure in a way that organizes the space necessary to satisfy material and spiritual human needs. The word comes from the Greek architect, who rules the construction, or builder. Behind this simple statement, however, lies the complex content. In the concept of architecture, there are three elements at the same time: technology, art and economics. - Hydrogen energy
Energy parameters of hydrogen Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. Under standard conditions, hydrogen gas is present in the molecular form (diatomic, molecular) of H2, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, flammable gas. On Earth it occurs in the form of water or organic compounds. Hydrogen is the lightest element in any state of scavenging (14 times lighter than air).
AURA Ochrona Środowiska (AURA Environmental Protection) - full list